Yu Ouyang, Bowen Xiong, Shide Fu, Chang Shen, Deping Xiong, Zuyong Feng, Xiaoli Zhang

First published: 03 September 2026

https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.70476Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

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Abstract

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have achieved a power conversion efficiency exceeding 27%; however, nonradiative recombination losses and stability issues arising from interfacial defects remain critical bottlenecks hindering their commercialization. ?-conjugated aromatic molecules, by virtue of their unique ?–? conjugated systems, tunable electronic structures, and abundant chemical functional groups, have demonstrated remarkable advantages in interface passivation. This review systematically summarizes recent applications of ?-conjugated aromatic molecules in the interfacial modification of PSCs. It focuses on the structural classification of ?-conjugated aromatic rings (monocyclic and polycyclic) and the interface manipulation mechanisms of key functional groups, including ammonium, carboxyl, carbonyl, and phosphorus/sulfur-containing moieties. The operational mechanisms and optimization outcomes at the perovskite/electron transport layer interface, perovskite/hole transport layer interface, and perovskite active layers (grain boundaries) are thoroughly analyzed. Notably, the versatile utilization of these molecules in diversified photovoltaic architectures—including rigid single-junction cells, industrially relevant large-area modules, mechanically demanding flexible devices, and efficiency-oriented tandem stacks—is specifically highlighted. Furthermore, the challenges and future directions of interfacial engineering with ?-conjugated aromatic molecules are discussed, with the aim of providing theoretical guidance for the full-scale interfacial modulation of high-performance and highly stable PSCs.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Data Availability Statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.